Resumo Introdução A goiaba é um fruto amplamente utilizado como alimento e é considerada planta medicinal em países tropicais e subtropicais. Pesquisas têm mostrado que o fruto contém constituintes químicos com abrangente uso clínico. Além disso, a maior parte das substâncias utilizadas no tratamento contra câncer foi isolada a partir de produtos naturais. Objetivo Avaliar o potencial citotóxico, mutagênico, antimutagênico e quimioprotetor da fruta liofilizada de Psidium guajava, a goiaba, in vivo. Método A citotoxicidade, a mutagenicidade e a antimutagenicidade foram avaliadas em três diferentes dosagens (0,625, 1,25 e 2,50 g/kg) de goiaba. Resultados Os resultados mostraram que a goiaba não apresentou atividade citotóxica e mutagênica no ensaio de micronúcleo em sangue periférico e que não houve alterações nos valores de ALT e AST, indicando ausência de toxicidade hepática. Nos animais tratados com a goiaba, a dose de 0,625 mg/kg significativamente reduziu os danos induzidos pela doxorrubicina. Conclusão Esses resultados mostraram que o consumo de goiaba é seguro e capaz de proteger o material genético de alterações genômicas.

Abstract Background Guava is a fruit widely used as food and is considered a medicinal plant in the tropical and subtropical countries. Scientific research has shown that the fruit contains chemical constituents with comprehensive clinical use. In addition, most of the substances used in cancer treatment have been isolated from natural products. Objective To evaluate the cytotoxic, mutagenic, antimutagenic, and chemoprotective potential of the freeze-dried fruit of Psidium guajava, guava, in vivo. Method Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and antimutagenicity were evaluated in three different dosages (0.625, 1.25, 2.50 g/kg) of guava. Results The results show that guava does not present cytotoxic 2 and mutagenic activity in the micronucleus assay in peripheral blood and there were no alterations in ALT and AST values showing the absence of hepatic toxicity. In animals treated with guava, the dose of 0.625 mg/kg significantly reduced the damage induced by doxorubicin. Conclusion These results show that guava consumption is safe as it is also capable of protecting the genetic material from changes.

Lipoxygenase (LOX) plays an important role in inflammatory processes and Arrabidaea brachypoda (DC.) Bureau (Bignoniaceae) has been described as presenting anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure to directly recognize LOX inhibitor compounds in A. brachypoda crude extract, facilitating the isolation, characterization of bioactive compounds, evaluation of natural compounds using an in vitro 15-LOX assay and prediction of the most probable binding modes of their main constituent through molecular docking simulations. The chemical analysis was performed by ethanol crude extract microfractionation using HPLC-DAD (diode array detector) associated to a fraction collector. The bioactive chromatogram displayed a peak with 50.9% LOX inhibition at 13.6 min retention time. The extract was purified and conandroside was isolated, presenting a LOX inhibitory activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 7.8 ± 1.1 µM, close to standard quercetin (IC50 7.6 ± 0.3 µM). Additionally, conandroside was not cytotoxic to normal cells (GM07492A). The LOX-conandroside complex displayed a slightly higher docking score (92.7) than quercetin (71.5). These results together suggest that conandroside could be explored as lipoxygenase inhibitor.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to compare self-report and interview administration methods using the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) in patients with rotator cuff disorders. METHODS: Thirty male and female patients over 18 years of age with rotator cuff disorders (tendinopathy or rotator cuff tear) and Brazilian Portuguese as their primary language were recruited for assessment via administration of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index and and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire. A randomization method was used to determine whether the questionnaires would be self-reported (n=15) or administered by an interviewer (n=15). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation between the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index and and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire in each group. The t-test was used to determine whether the difference in mean questionnaire scores and administration time was statistically significant. For statistical analysis, the level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The mean subject age was 55.07 years, ranging from 27 to 74 years. Most patients had a diagnosis of tendinopathy (n=21). With regard to level of schooling, the majority (n=26) of subjects had completed a college degree or higher. The mean questionnaire scores and administration times did not significantly differ between the two groups (p>0.05). There were statistically significant correlations (p<0.05) between Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index and and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire, and strong correlations were found between the questionnaires in both groups. CONCLUSION: There are no differences between the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire administration methods with regard to administration time or correlations between the questionnaires.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a Brazilian version of the gesture behavior test (GBT) for patients with chronic low back pain. METHODS: Translation of GBT into Portuguese was performed by a rheumatologist fluent in the language of origin (French) and skilled in the validation of questionnaires. This translated version was back-translated into French by a native-speaking teacher of the language. The two translators then created a final consensual version in Portuguese. Cultural adaptation was carried out by two rheumatologists, one educated patient and the native-speaking French teacher. Thirty patients with chronic low back pain and fifteen healthcare professionals involved in the education of patients with low back pain through back schools (gold-standard) were evaluated. Reproducibility was initially tested by two observers (inter-observer); the procedures were also videotaped for later evaluation by one of the observers (intra-observer). For construct validation, we compared patients' scores against the scores of the healthcare professionals. RESULTS: Modifications were made to the GBT for cultural reasons. The Spearman's correlation coefficient and the intra-class coefficient, which was employed to measure reproducibility, ranged between 0.87 and 0.99 and 0.94 to 0.99, respectively (p < 0.01). With regard to validation, the Mann-Whitney test revealed a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the averages for healthcare professionals (26.60; SD 2.79) and patients (16.30; SD 6.39). There was a positive correlation between the GBT score and the score on the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (r= 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the GBT proved to be a reproducible and valid instrument. In addition, according to the questionnaire results, more disabled patients exhibited more protective gesture behavior related to low-back.

O efeito de técnicas de cultivo do arroz irrigado sobre a qualidade da água efluente foi avaliado através de parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Estação Experimental do Instituto Riograndense do Arroz (IRGA) no município de Cachoeirinha, RS, bacia do Rio Gravataí. Os testes foram realizados com 3 técnicas distintas e usuais de plantio: convencional, pré-germinado e direto. Constatou-se que, nos primeiros 30 dias de irrigação, os parâmetros medidos dentro dos quadros de plantio apresentaram valores superiores aos da entrada; após este período, a situação se inverteu. Com o crescimento, as plantas de arroz funcionaram como um banhado natural, extraindo da água e do solo uma quantidade significativa de nutrientes, não somente durante sua fase inicial, mas, também, durante todo o seu ciclo. Esses nutrientes foram extraídos do meio líquido, melhorando a qualidade ambiental da água efluente. Dentre todas as técnicas de cultivo, o menor impacto sobre a qualidade da água foi apresentado pelo plantio direto.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of techniques of rice cultivation on the physical, chemical and biological parameters of effluent water. The research was conducted at the Experimental Station of IRGA (Rio Grande do Sul Rice Institute), in the municipality of Cachoeirinha, RS, in the Gravataí river basin. The tests were performed using 3 usual techniques of rice cultivation, conventional, pre-germinated and direct planting. During the first 30 days of irrigation, the physical and chemical parameters of the paddy fields presented higher values compared to that of inflow. This shows that during this period the impact on water quality was highest. After this period, the situation changed completely. After reaching adult size, the rice plants acted as a natural swamp, extracting most of the contaminants from the water and the soil until the harvest. Thus the impact of rice farming is more concentrated during the first 30 days of irrigation was confirmed and it can be concluded that, depending on the cultivation technique used, there is efficient decontamination of the irrigation water. The most efficient technique was the direct planting.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O fumo tem assumido grande importância em relação à morbidade anestésica. Apesar da divulgação acerca dos prejuízos à saúde, países reconhecidos como em desenvolvimento apresentam estatísticas crescentes quanto à população usuária de cigarros. O objetivo desta revisão é mostrar o modo de ação e efeitos do cigarro sobre os diversos órgãos e sistemas e seu impacto sobre a fisiologia do organismo, risco pré-operatório e o manuseio de pacientes fumantes durante a preparação pré-anestésica e complicações pós-operatórias. CONTEÚDO: Nesta revisão são apresentadas as diversas formas de ação do cigarro e seus componentes sobre órgãos e sistemas, repercussões orgânicas e a conduta anestésica para que haja redução da morbidade perioperatória nestes pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: A história do tabagismo na avaliação pré-anestésica deve ser enfaticamente valorizada e medidas preventivas em relação aos efeitos sistêmicos devem ser tomadas, minimizando assim os riscos dos procedimentos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smoking is becoming very important for anesthetic morbidity. In spite of its widespread noxious effects on health, developing countries have increasing statistics on smoking population. This review aimed at showing action mechanisms and effects of cigarettes on different organs and systems, and their impact on physiology, preoperative risk and management of smokers during preanesthetic preparation, in addition to postoperative complications. CONTENTS: Several action mechanisms of cigarettes and their components on organ and systems, organic consequences and the anesthetic approach to decrease perioperative morbidity in those patients are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking history in preanesthetic evaluation should be highly valued and preventive measures should be taken with regard to systemic effects, thus minimizing surgical and anesthetic risks.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El humo ha asumido grande importancia en relación a la morbidez anestésica. A pesar de la divulgación acerca de los prejuízos a la salud, países reconocidos como en desenvolvimiento presentan estadísticas crecientes cuanto a la población usuaria de cigarros. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar el modo de acción y efectos del cigarro sobre los diversos órganos y sistemas y el impacto de éstos sobre la fisiología del organismo, riesgo pré-operatorio y el manoseo de pacientes fumantes durante la preparación pré-anestésica y complicaciones pós-operatorias. CONTENIDO: En esta revisión son presentadas las diversas formas de acción del cigarro y sus componentes sobre órganos y sistemas, repercusiones orgánicas y la conducta anestésica para que haga reducción de la morbidad perioperatoria en estos pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: La historia del tabagismo en la evaluación pré-anestésica debe ser enfáticamente valorizada y medidas preventivas en relación a los efectos sistemicos deben ser tomadas, minimizando así los riesgos de los procedimientos.